Glossary

HTT stands for HEX Time Token. It is a PRC-20 token (PulseChain’s equivalent of an ERC-20) that represents a fully collateralized, 1:1 claim on one HEX at a specific future maturity (redemption) date. The token’s symbol encodes the maturity — for example, HTT-3000 is redeemable 1:1 for HEX on HEX day 3000.

HTTs are minted by delegating (or creating) a HEX Stake Instance (HSI) to the Actuator protocol. The protocol calculates the maximum number of HTTs that can be safely minted against a stake using its “extractable stake value,” which conservatively accounts for the stake’s current intrinsic value (principal + accrued rewards) while factoring in potential early or late end-stake penalties from the underlying HEX protocol.

This makes HTTs fungible among all stakes that share the same maturity date — a HTT-3000 backed by one person’s stake is identical to a HTT-3000 backed by anyone else’s stake. As a stake continues to earn daily HEX rewards, its extractable value grows, allowing the owner to mint additional HTTs over time without retiring existing ones.

After the maturity date arrives, holders have a 2-week grace period to redeem HTTs for HEX at 1:1 with no penalty. After that window, late-end-stake penalties from HEX may apply, and redemption becomes first-come, first-served (though community incentives in HEX encourage timely ending of stakes). The protocol automatically supports round-number maturities (x000 dates), while users can create custom dates (e.g., HTT-5555) by interacting directly with the contract. A small 1% fee is charged on minting in many cases, which is distributed to ACTR stakers.

ACTR is the native governance and reward token of the Actuator protocol. It has a fixed maximum supply of 1,000,000,000 tokens. 75% is allocated to liquidity mining (farming), and 25% to the team.

Users earn ACTR primarily by providing liquidity for specific HTT/HEX pairs on PulseX (the main DEX on PulseChain) and then staking those LP tokens into Actuator’s MasterChef-style farms. The farms are structured around key maturity buckets (pools spaced roughly 1,000 days apart, e.g., covering 3000–8000 day maturities).

In addition to trading fees from the LP position, farmers receive ACTR emissions and a pro-rata share of the 1% fees collected when new HTTs are minted against that maturity date.

An HSI is an NFT (ERC-721 on Ethereum / PRC-721 on PulseChain) that represents a single, tokenized HEX stake. It was introduced by the Hedron protocol and serves as the foundational primitive that Actuator builds upon.

When you create an HSI, your HEX stake is moved into a dedicated smart contract wrapper. This makes the stake portable and transferable (via the NFT) while preserving all original staking mechanics, rewards, and penalties. You can create new HSIs directly through Actuator or the Hedron/Icosa interfaces, or wrap existing native stakes.

In the Actuator ecosystem, HSIs become the collateral vehicle: you delegate control of the HSI to the Actuator contract, which then allows you to mint HTTs against its extractable HEX value. The original owner retains beneficial ownership but cannot early-end the stake or unwrap the HSI until all minted HTTs for that position are retired.

The maturity date (also called redemption day) is the specific HEX day number on which an HTT can be redeemed 1:1 for HEX. It is encoded directly in the token symbol (e.g., HTT-3000).

This date typically aligns with (or is chosen relative to) the end-stake day of the underlying HEX stake(s). All HTTs sharing the exact same maturity date are fully fungible with each other, regardless of which individual stakes back them. This fungibility is what enables deep, efficient liquidity and a true yield curve across different time horizons.

The Yield Curve in the Actuator ecosystem describes the relationship between an HTT’s time-to-maturity and its market price (expressed as a discount to 1 HEX).

Near-dated HTTs (short time to maturity) typically trade very close to par (close to 1:1 with HEX) because there is less uncertainty and less time value. Far-dated HTTs trade at a larger discount because they represent longer-term claims, carrying more opportunity cost, potential penalty risk, and lower immediate liquidity.

Delegation is the process of transferring control of a Hedron HSI to the Actuator smart contract. Once delegated, the protocol can calculate extractable value and mint HTTs against that stake.

The original owner of the HSI retains ownership of the NFT and beneficial rights to any unminted HEX, but they temporarily give up the ability to early-end the stake or unwrap it until they retire (burn) all outstanding HTTs associated with that position. Delegation can be revoked at any time by retiring the HTTs first.

This mechanism ensures perfect 1:1 accounting and protects HTT holders.

Redemption is the process of burning HTTs after (or around) their maturity date in exchange for the corresponding amount of HEX from the underlying stake(s).

On the designated redemption day, the protocol has reserved the necessary HEX from the ended stakes. Holders burn their HTTs and receive 1 HEX per token. There is a 2-week grace period with clean 1:1 redemption. After that, late penalties may apply depending on when the underlying stakes are actually ended.

An LP in this context is someone who deposits a pair of assets (typically a specific HTT maturity + HEX) into a liquidity pool on PulseX, receives LP tokens, and then stakes those LP tokens into Actuator’s farms to earn ACTR rewards (plus trading fees).

By providing liquidity, LPs facilitate trading between HTTs and HEX, which helps discover prices along the yield curve and makes it easier for stakers to exit into HEX or for others to acquire time-specific HEX exposure.

PulseChain is an Ethereum fork Layer-1 blockchain created by Richard Heart (the creator of HEX). It launched in May 2023 after a major “sacrifice” phase in 2021. It copied Ethereum’s entire state and history at the time of the fork but runs with optimizations for much lower fees, faster transactions, and greater energy efficiency.

PulseChain’s native gas token is PLS. It hosts the majority of current HEX ecosystem activity, including HEX itself (on both chains), Hedron, Icosa, PulseX (its main DEX), and Actuator. Many projects from Ethereum were bridged or recreated here to take advantage of the cheaper environment.

HEX is a time-deposit cryptocurrency created by Richard Heart and launched in September 2020. It functions like a decentralized certificate of deposit: users stake HEX for a chosen number of days and earn daily HEX payouts from a global pool proportional to their stake’s size and duration (measured in T-Shares).

Stakes have penalties for ending too early or too late. HEX exists on both Ethereum and PulseChain. It is the foundational asset that backs every HTT — all HTTs ultimately represent claims on future unlocked HEX from real stakes.

Hedron is the protocol that first tokenized HEX stakes into HSIs (NFTs). It allows users to wrap native HEX stakes into portable, composable contracts while preserving all original economics. Hedron also introduced HDRN (its own token).

Actuator is built directly on top of Hedron’s HSI system — every Actuator position is ultimately an HSI that has been delegated for HTT minting. Hedron made HEX stakes transferable and usable as collateral; Actuator takes the next step by allowing the creation of time-specific, fungible claims against those stakes.

T-Share is HEX’s internal unit of account for stake size and power. When you stake HEX, the contract calculates how many T-Shares your position is worth based on the amount staked multiplied by a time-bonus multiplier (longer stakes receive significantly more T-Shares).

Your daily HEX payout is determined by your share of the total T-Shares in the system. HTT minting quantities are denominated relative to the underlying T-Share value and accrued rewards of the stake.

Row Level Security is a PostgreSQL/Supabase database feature used on the Actuator website and any associated dashboards or applications. It enforces that users can only access, view, or modify rows in database tables that belong to them (typically tied to their connected wallet address).

This is enabled across all relevant tables to provide strong privacy and security guarantees without relying solely on smart contract logic for off-chain data.